C++ is an object-oriented, multi-modal, compiled, static-style programming language. It includes many features of high-level and low-level programming languages. The development of this language began as an extension of the C language under the name (C with classes) by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Laboratories in 1979, and many other features were added later, and the name was changed in 1983 to C++ in jest by using the increment operator for the side of the C language name to confirm as "next to C".
C++ is one of the most popular languages and has been widely used in building operating systems and dealing with computer hardware, starting with software systems and user programs, through device drivers and embedded systems, and ending with high-performance servers and entertainment programs such as video games due to its ability to compile into severe assembly language code Effectiveness. One of the most impressive uses of C++, according to Stroustrup, is the use of C++ in writing a large portion of the automated driving systems for the Mars rover.
There are many commercial and open-source banks for C++, including the GNU Project, Intel Banks, Microsoft Banks, Oracle Solaris Studios Banks, Digital Mars Banks, and Embarcadero Technologies Banks. C++ has influenced many popular programming languages such as C# and Java. Other languages, such as Object-C, use a very different syntax and approach to adding classes to C.
C++ started as an improvement of the C language, first by adding classes, then virtual functions, loading arithmetic operators, multiple inheritances, templates, and exception handling, among other features. After years of development, C++ was certified in 1998 as an ISO standard called ISO/IEC 14882:1998. In 2003 the standard was revised according to the technical patch document ISO/IEC 14882:2003. The current standard ISO/IEC 14882:2011 includes a set of features that were agreed upon and published such as a new standard from the International Organization for Standardization in September 2011 which was previously known as C++11.
History
Bjarne Stroustrup began working on his project C with Classes in 1979 and was inspired by the idea for this project while working on his doctoral thesis where he spent a lot of time programming. Stroustrup discovered that many of the features of Simula are actually suitable for large software development, but the slow performance of applications written in this language prevented them from being practically used, and at the same time, the mixed basic programming language had a good performance, but it was low-level, and therefore difficult to use in Huge software development. This discovery led Stroustrup to the idea of developing a new programming language that would combine the advantages of these two languages.
Stroustrup later encountered the problem of parsing the Unix kernel in relation to distributed computing while working at Bell Labs. Recalling the dilemmas he encountered while working on his thesis, he resolved to improve C by adding features similar to those of Simula. Stroustrup chose C because it was universal, fast, portable, and commonly used. In addition to C and Simula, Stroustrup has inspired a number of other languages: Algol68, Defining Language (ML), Clu (a programming language), and Eda.
Stroustrup worked on developing a bank called "C Front" that compiles a C++ source into an equivalent C source, and through it, he added some new features to the C language such as classes, derived classes, strong typing, embedding, and default values. The first commercial version of C++ was released on October 14, 1985.
In 1983 the name of the language was changed from “C with classes” to C++ (where ++ is the increment factor in C) and a set of features were added such as virtual functions, overloading of operands and functions, references, constants, memory control User-managed, improved checking for styles, and inline comments using two slashes (//) in the HML-style. In 1985, the first edition of the C++ Programming Language book was published to provide programmers with one of the most important references for this language at a time when the language has not yet been described as an official standard. In 1989 the 2.0 version of the book was published and in 1991 the second updated version of it was published. New features include multiple inheritances, abstract classes, children static members, children static members, and protected members. In 1990 the Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published and was the bedrock of the future language standard. Later features included templates, exceptions, namespaces, and new conversions between patterns and the Boolean pattern.
The development of C++ has accompanied the development of the standard library. The I/O stream library, the first addition to the standard library, provides alternatives to the usual C I/O functions such as printf and scanf. The Standard Template Library is one of the most important additions to the Standard Library among many successive additions. C++ is distinguished from other languages by the small number of keywords, as the basic functionality was included in the standard library, similar to C.
C++ is sometimes called a hybrid language because it provides many different programming paradigms and allows these paradigms to be used together, such as using the procedural paradigm and the object-oriented paradigm while writing the same program. The possibility of writing procedural programs using C++ has given rise to some controversy given that object-oriented programs are supposed to be written when using C++ (otherwise C would not be used, for example). In any case, it is common practice to combine the procedural and intent-oriented models when writing a program. This often causes some problems while checking the source or getting the source written by another programmer.
C++ is still widely used and is considered one of the preferred languages for professional application development.
C++ etymology
"The name underscores the evolutionary nature of the changes to C," says Stroustrup. During the development phase, C++ was informally called "new C", then the name changed to "C with Classes". The credit for the final designation (C++) goes to Rick Massetti (mid-1983), and he first used the name in December 1983. When asked in 1992 why the language was called by that name, Massetti replied that he did so as a joke. The name comes from the use of the increment operator (++) from the C language, which increases the value of the variable assigned to it, and the common use of the (+) symbol to denote an improvement in a computer program. The joke is that the name itself contains an error: using the post-increment causes the variable to increment after evaluating the value of the previous variable (unlike the previous one) meaning that C++ is no better than C, Otherwise, it would have been better to use the previous increment so that the name of the language becomes C++ instead of using the post-increment as in the current name.
There is no language called "C+", knowing that there is a completely different language called ABCL/c+. There are some languages that are named closely to C++, the most famous of which are C - and C-Sharp.
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